Spanish citizenship by descent

Spanish citizenship by descent, also known as “citizenship by origin” or “citizenship by blood,” allows individuals with Spanish ancestors to acquire Spanish citizenship. The specific rules and requirements for obtaining Spanish citizenship by descent are outlined in the Spanish Civil Code and other relevant laws.

How to get citizenship by descent in Spain

Here are some key points to consider:

1. Parental Descent. If one or both of your parents were Spanish citizens at the time of your birth, you may be eligible for Spanish citizenship by descent. The same applies if you were adopted by Spanish citizens.
2. Grandparental Descent: If you can prove that you have a Spanish grandparent, you may be eligible for Spanish citizenship. However, certain conditions and limitations may apply, such as demonstrating a cultural or historical connection to Spain and passing a Spanish language test.
3. Time Limit. It’s important to note that there is generally no time limit on claiming Spanish citizenship by descent. Unlike some countries that restrict citizenship claims to a certain number of generations, Spain does not impose such limitations.
4. Documentation and Proof. To apply for Spanish citizenship by descent, you will need to provide various documents to establish your family connection to Spain, such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and proof of lineage. These documents may need to be translated into Spanish and legalized or apostilled, depending on the requirements.
5. Spanish Consulate. The application process for Spanish citizenship by descent typically takes place at the Spanish consulate or embassy in your country of residence. It is advisable to contact the consulate in advance to inquire about the specific requirements and procedures.

Documentation and Application

To apply for Spanish citizenship by descent, you will need to gather the necessary documentation and follow the application process. Here are some essential documents you may need:

1. Birth Certificates. Obtain birth certificates for yourself, your parents, and any other ancestors who were Spanish citizens. These documents should include all relevant details, such as names, dates, and places of birth.
2. Marriage Certificates.: If applicable, gather marriage certificates for your parents and any other ancestors involved in your lineage. These documents should confirm the legal marriage between your Spanish ancestor and the non-Spanish parent.
3. Proof of Citizenship. Provide documents that establish the Spanish citizenship of your parent or grandparent, such as their Spanish passports, national identity cards, or naturalization certificates.
4. Family Relationship Documentation. Prepare documents that demonstrate your relationship to your Spanish ancestor, such as family tree records, baptismal certificates, or legal adoption papers if applicable.
5. Other Supporting Documents. This could include evidence of cultural or historical ties to Spain, letters of recommendation, or any other relevant information that supports your claim.
6. Contact the Consulate. Reach out to the nearest Spanish consulate or embassy in your country of residence to inquire about the specific requirements and procedures for applying for Spanish citizenship by descent.
7. Submit Application. Complete the application forms and gather all the required documents. Make sure to follow the instructions provided by the consulate carefully. Prepare multiple copies of each document, as they may require both originals and photocopies.

Dual Citizenship

Spain generally permits dual citizenship, so acquiring Spanish citizenship by descent should not require you to renounce your current citizenship.